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Writing and Language Test
35 MINUTES, 44 QUESTIONS
d
Turn to Section 2 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.
DIRECTIONS
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Each passage below is accompanied by a number of questions. For some questions, you will
consider how the passage might be revised to improve the expression of ideas. For other
questions, you will consider how the passage might be edited to correct errors in sentence
structure, usage, or punctuation. A passage or a question may be accompanied by one or
more graphics (such as a table or graph) that you will consider as you make revising and
editing decisions.
01
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Some questions will direct you to an underlined portion of a passage. Other questions will
direct you to a location in a passage or ask you to think about the passage as a whole.
After reading each passage, choose the answer to each question that most effectively
improves the quality of writing in the passage or that makes the passage conform to the
conventions of standard written English. Many questions include a NO CHANGE option.
Choose that option if you think the best choice is to leave the relevant portion of the passage
as it is.
Questions 1-11 are based on the following passage.
1
A) NO CHANGE
Worst Case Scenario
B) we believe are to
Russian intercontinental ballistic missiles 1 believed to
C) believed to be
carry approximately 1,000 nuclear warheads that could hit the
D) are believed to
U.S. less than 30 minutes after 2 being launched. What
2
A) NO CHANGE
might the consequences of the detonation of a single such
B) having launched
warhead in the heart of New York City be?
C) had been launched
D) was being launched
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The warhead would probably be detonated about a mile
A) NO CHANGE
above the city in order to 3 expand the damage of the blast.
B) maximize
In less than a second, the center of the warhead would reach
C) emphasize
200 million degrees 4 Fahrenheit – four to five times the
D) glorify
4
temperature at the center of the sun.
A) NO CHANGE
The resulting ball of superheated air would expand
B) Fahrenheit; four
outward at millions of miles per hour, compressing the
C) Fahrenheit (four
D) Fahrenheit, that is four
surrounding air and creating a vast shockwave. After one
5
second, the fireball would be about a 5 mile wide, by then.
A) NO CHANGE
it would have cooled significantly, reaching a measly 16,000
B) mile wide. By then,
C) mile wide-by then
degrees Fahrenheit, roughly 4,000 degrees hotter than the
D) mile wide, so by then
suns surface.
6
[1] Within an area of about 100 square miles, fires would
To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 2 should
be placed
ignite almost instantly. [2] These winds would be powerful
A) where it is now
enough to uproot trees three feet in diameter and suck people
B) after sentence 3.
from outside the fire into it. [3] The firestorm would grow
C) before sentence 1.
even more intense, heating huge amounts of air that would
D) at the beginning of the next paragraph.
rise at nearly 300 miles per hour and creating a chimney
effect that would pull more air from outside the fire zone at
speeds of hundreds of miles per hour. 6
The fireball would vaporize anything directly below the
blast, creating high-speed winds capable of crushing even
heavily built concrete structures near the detonation.
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7
At the Empire State Building. Grand Central Station,
the Chrysler Building, St. Patricks Cathedral, and the fireball
A) NO CHANGE
would melt asphalt, burn paint off walls, and melt any metal
surfaces within half a second of the detonation. About a
B) Building; Grand Central Station; the Chrysler
Building; and St. Patricks Cathedral, the
C) Building, Grand Central Station, the Chrysler
Building, and St. Patricks Cathedral, the
D) Building and Grand Central Station, the Chrysler
Building and St. Patricks Cathedral, the
second later, the blast wave and winds would arrive,
flattening buildings and tossing burning cars into the air.
8
As Manhattan burned, fires would start in large areas on
Which choice provides a supporting example that
emphasizes the main point of the sentence?
both sides of the Hudson and East Rivers, (8) reaching as far
A) NO CHANGE
as Queens, Brooklyn, and Jersey City in minutes. Further
from Manhattan, at a distance of six to seven miles from the
B) reaching other populated areas quickly
C) leaping the water with ease
D) making Manhattan a safe zone
detonation, 9 anyone in the direct light of the fireball would
9
suffer third degree burns to their exposed skin. Within ten
A) NO CHANGE
minutes, 10 engulfed in flames would be everything within
B) everyone
about seven miles of Midtown Manhattan. After the fire
C) those
D) them
burned out, the pavement would remain so hot that no vehicle
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could cross it for days. Even months after the firestorm had
A) NO CHANGE
ended, buried, unburned material from collapsed buildings
B) everything would be engulfed in flame within about
seven miles of Midtown Manhattan
could easily ignite when exposed to air.
C) everything within about seven miles of Midtown
Manhattan would be engulfed in flame
The fire itself would kill everything in its path. Then,
tens of miles downwind of the point of detonation,
D) midtown Manhattan would be engulfed in flame
along with everything within about seven miles of it
radioactive fallout would begin within hours.
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11 Given the potential damage that just a single nuclear
Which of the following would best transition from the
body of the passage to the conclusion?
warhead could cause, it is more than concerning that nations
across the globe hold hundreds, even thousands of these
deadly weapons.
A) The recent tensions between Russia and the United
States make this scenario terrifying to consider,
B) Many feel this is a worst-case scenario and will
never happen.
C) Nuclear weapons have only been used in war twice,
both times by the United States.
D) It is this very scenario that causes many to support
nuclear disarmament.
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CONTINU
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Questions 12-22 are based on the following passage.
The author is considering adding the following sentence:
Queen Elizabeth Is Rise to the Throne
In our time, Elizabeth has been featured in popular
literature and film.
Queen Elizabeth I is arguably Englands most famous
Should the writer make this addition here?
monarch. 12 Under her lengthy rule, Britain flourished; the
time of exploration, prosperity, and
Elizabethan era marked
A) Yes, because it demonstrates Queen Elizabeths
enduring fame.
artistic renaissance.
B) Yes, because it meaningfully develops the idea that
Queen Elizabeth is a beloved leader.
Elizabeth was born into complex and dangerous
C) No, because it fails to meaningfully develop the
primary ideas of the passage.
circumstances. Her father, Henry VIII, 13 created chaos.
D) No, because it contradicts the idea presented in the
next sentences.
disorder, and confusion among his countrymen when he
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famously divorced his first wife, establishing the Church of
A) NO CHANGE
England in the process, in order to marry his second wife,
B) sent England into turmoil
Anne Boleyn. 14 Elizabeth was just two years old, the
C) ruined the country
D) made a stupid mistake
daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, when her mother
14
was beheaded on the orders of Henry VIII based on false
A) NO CHANGE
charges of adultery and conspiracy. As a young child,
15 Elizabeth, along with her older half-sister Mary, was
B) Elizabeth was the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne
Boleyn when, just two years old, her mother
C) Elizabeth was just two years old when her mother,
the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn,
D) The daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn,
Elizabeth was just two years old when her mother
declared to be illegitimate so that Henry VIII could pave the
way for inheritance by a male heir. That heir was finally born
to Henry VIIIs third wife, Jane Seymour, in 1537.
15
A) NO CHANGE
B) Elizabeth and her older half-sister Mary was
C) Elizabeth and Mary, her older half-sister, was
D) Elizabeth, along with her older half-sister Mary,
were
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Elizabeths young life was plagued by political intrigue.
Many courtiers sought Elizabeths hand in marriage in order
Which choice provides the best support for the main
idea of this paragraph?
to secure a potential route to the throne. 16 Even
Elizabeths stepmothers new husband, Thomas Seymour.
A) NO CHANGE
B) Despite – or perhaps because of this pressure,
Elizabeth chose never to marry.
conspired to wed Elizabeth in an attempt to gain power.
C) As queen, Elizabeth was urged to wed to avoid
potential civil war if she died without an heir.
Elizabeths status as royal heir was constantly in
question, leading to incessant insecurity and doubt.
D) Though Elizabeth never married, her cousin, Mary,
Queen of Scots, made an advantageous marriage to a
descendant of Henry VII.
17 Specifically Elizabeth and her sister were eventually
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reinstated as legitimate heirs, her brother Edward, as the only
A) NO CHANGE
B) Though
male heir, inherited the throne upon Henry VIIIs death.
C) However
When Edward also passed away in 1553, Elizabeths older
D) In the event that
half-sister Mary and cousin, Lady Jane Grey, both sought the
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crown. Edward had appointed Grey as his successor, but
A) NO CHANGE
B) had been dethroning
Mary rallied the support of the English citizenry and
C) was dethroning
18 dethroning Grey after just nine days of rule.
D) dethroned
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[1] Though Elizabeth supported Marys rule, she was
A) NO CHANGE
never free 19 on suspicion. [2] A staunch Roman Catholic,
B) under
Mary sought to bring England back to the Catholic Church by
C) of
undoing her fathers break with the Pope. [3] Elizabeth
D) for
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outwardly supported this religious change, but many in
England who wished a return to Protestantism wanted
To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 5 should
be placed
Elizabeth on the throne. [4] Thomas Wyatt went so far as to
A) where it is now.
organize a rebellion against Mary with the intention of
B) after sentence 1.
C) after sentence 6.
replacing her with the Protestant Elizabeth. [5] For the
D) after sentence 3.
remainder of Marys reign, Elizabeths daily life remained
under her sisters control. [6] Though Elizabeth had no role in
this plot, she was quickly imprisoned by Mary, 20
Elizabeth took the throne following her sisters death in
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